Genetics

sleep

hDEC2 short-sleepers
Mutations in ADRB1 and NPSR1 genes change neurotransmitters in the brains of some people allowing them to sleep less. Another variant in DEC2 lets short sleepers stay awake longer.

taste

TAS2R38 supertaster The variant responsible for super tasting is known as PAV

bones:

LRP5 unbreakable  extremely dense bones that are practically unbreakable.

cholesterol:

CETP low-cholesterol

Mutations in a gene responsible for producing a protein called cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) result in a deficiency of that protein. CETP deficiency is linked with having higher levels of "good" HDL cholesterol, which helps carry cholesterol to the liver so it can be removed from the body, resulting in lower cholesterol levels.

PCSK9 genes that gets rid of a protein that controls the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood.

tetrachromats, usually women, have four. This is caused by a mutation of the opsin gene.

strength - MSTN gene don’t. Their muscles are already amped up, due to a lack of myostatin—a protein which tells the muscles when to stop growing. Animals who lack the protein often grow large, muscular bodies that contain very little fat. In humans, this mutation allows one to reach a muscle mass double that of the average person and stay muscular, without having to do much to keep it up.

 A study published in 2016 found that genetic mutations in the activin A receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) were significantly associated with lean muscle mass. ACVR2B codes for a receptor that inhibits the action of myostatin

AS3MT, which helps push potentially dangerous substances out of the system. - poison immunity

ACTN3 - fast twich running gene

NCoR1 gene encodes a protein called nuclear receptor corepressor 1 that inhibits muscle growth, so when it was knocked out the mice grew muscles that were larger, more dense, and had a greater number of mitochondria than their wild type counterparts. 

hyperthymesia - good memory - some experts believe the condition may stem from a compulsion to constantly revisit one’s memories.

the temporal lobe and caudate nucleus of the brain are found to be enlarged

Super Endurance - erythropoietin receptor gene. This resulted in the ability to carry 50 percent more oxygen in his bloodstream

delta 32 mutation," which protected his CD4 white blood cells from HIV

 prestin protein, encoded by the SLC26A5 gene, is key to the ultrasonic hearing range of animal sonar.

Pain tolerance - MCR1,

Tibetan DNA help them use oxygen more efficiently, so they don’t need nearly as much as the rest of us. They even have a version of the gene EPAS1 

ABCC11 gene keeps their armpits from smelling and it’s most common in people of East Asian descent.

SLC30A8 gene is making people resistant to diabetes.