Spacer calendar
space-faring civilization
proposed calendar system
metric base 60

(For this I'm ignoring time dilation or things like barycentric dynamical time.)

Specifications:

• Spacer - metric time - base 60
• Basically a metric calendar that’s base 60 instead of base 10 and based on the day as the primary time unit.
• Merely because human circadian rhythm is evolved to be adapted to the length of an earth day.
• 1 day x 60 x 60 x 60 = 1 spacer millennium (600 spacer years, approx 591.4 earther years).
• 1 day x 60 x 60 = 1 spacer decade (10 spacer years, 360 spacer days each, approx 9.86 earther years).
• 1 day x 60 = 1 spacer month (60 earther days, approx 2 earther months).
• 1 spacer day = 1 earther day (except it’s rigidly defined with no leap seconds).
• 1 day / 60 = 1 spacer hour = 0.4 earther hours (24 earther minutes).
• 1 day / 60 / 60 = 1 spacer minute = 0.4 earther minutes (24 earther seconds).
• 1 day / 60 / 60 / 60 = 1 spacer second = 0.4 earther seconds (400 earther milliseconds).
• Starting on April 12, 1961 at 9:07 a.m. (6:07 a.m. UTC) because that’s when the first spacer, Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, launched in to outer space for the first time.
• No timezones, everyone everywhere uses the same time, similar to UTC.


Starting from:     04/12/1961, 01:07 a.m. central

Spacer time:       decades:months:days:hours:minutes:seconds

Spacer text:          

Spacer calendar - 1 decade


• • Each row of six months is one 360 day year.
• Perennial calendar that applies to any year and eliminates leap days and leap seconds.
  • Keeping the same dates, weekdays and other features.
• Based on superior highly composite numbers.
  • 2, 6, 12, 60, 120, and 360. Due to their high divisibility for their size.
  • 360 days per year
  • 120 weekend days per year
  • 60 years per century
  • 60 weeks per year
  • 6 months per year
  • 6 days per week
  • 2 days per weekend
• Duration of a year, day, second
  • Day: nearly exactly the same between earther and spacer, only difference being spacer doesn't have leap seconds, once the duration is agreed upon, it remains imperpituity.
  • Year: 360 days. Shorter than the earther 365.2425 day year. Since the months are 60 days and they're measured in 60 month cycles, to complete a full cycle of months takes ten years, 360 days each.
  • Second: The length of a spacer second would be 40% of the length of an earth second, meaning in 2 earth seconds, 5 spacer seconds would elapse. This is so that a spacer day can be the same duration as an earther day but contain 60 hours while keeping 60 minutes per hour and 60 seconds per minute.
• Spacer - metric time - base 60

1 millennium	=	60 decades	=	60^6 seconds	=	1 megasecond	=	46,656,000,000 seconds
1 decade	=	60 months	=	60^5 seconds	=			777,600,000 seconds
1 month	=	60 days	=	60^4 seconds	=			12,960,000 seconds
1 day	=	60 hours	=	60^3 seconds	=	1 kilosecond	=	216,000 seconds
1 hour	=	60 minutes	=	60^2 seconds	=	1 hectosecond	=	3,600 seconds
1 minute	=	60 seconds	=	60^1 seconds	=	1 dekasecond	=	60 seconds
1 second	=	60 deciseconds	=	60^0 seconds	=	1 second	=	1 second

Spacer clock - 1 day - base 60

The Spacer Clock alternative to the traditional 24-hour Earther clock, the Spacer Clock offers a unique way to measure time. Designed to accommodate the needs of space travelers and those living across different celestial bodies, it operates on a universal time standard with no time zones.
• Time Units: In this clock, one full transit of the hour hand corresponds to a complete day. The clock starts at 00 o'clock, which represents midnight, while 30 o'clock signifies midday. It's important to note that during watchkeeping while underway, individuals may need to adjust their perception of midday and midnight according to their specific schedules.
• Local Variations: For Earthers, the Spacer Clock's lack of time zones means that midday and midnight will vary depending on one's location dirtside. Whether on Earth, another planet, moon, or space station, the time itself remains the same universally, but local customs and preferences may determine different hours to mark the start and end of the day.
• Hour Measurement: Similar to an Earther's 24-hour clock, the Spacer Clock begins with 0 and does not extend beyond 24. Each hour on this clock corresponds to 24 Earther minutes, with half-length tic marks and multiples of 5 aiding in easier conversion to Earth time. Additionally, 2.5 Spacer hours equate to one Earther hour.
• Design and Symbolism: The intentional placement of 00 at the bottom and 30 at the top of the clock reflects the concept that the middle of the night aligns with the bottom of the clock, while the middle of the day coincides with the top. This arrangement draws inspiration from the appearance of a sundial on Earth when facing north in the northern hemisphere.
• Schedule Adjustments: The Spacer Clock can be manufactured to include an outer ring indicator, allowing easy rotation to adjust for a spacer's watchkeeping schedule while underway or for changes in the start and end of the day dirtside. By manipulating this outer indicator, one can determine when midday and midnight will occur according to their specific circumstances.
• Universal Time: It's important to emphasize that when the hour reads 30:00 for one Spacer, it represents 30:00 for all Spacers, regardless of their location. However, the interpretation of this time can vary, with 30:00 indicating lunchtime for some, rise and shine for others, lights out for another, or any other time in between.


Synchronizing with Earth:

• Considerations
  • Annual or daily synchronization
    • Daily synchronization
      • Synchronizing by day, without leap days, would cause this 360-day calendar to drift out of annual synchronization with Earth by 5-6 days each year.
    • Annual synchronization
      • To synchronize a 360-day calendar with the Earth's mean tropical year without using leap days, the length of a second would need to be increased by 14.5625 milliseconds. This adjustment would cause each day to drift out of synchronization with the Earth by 20 minutes and 58.2 seconds.
      • Details on Calculations:
      • The Earth year is defined as 146,097 days every 400 years, equating to exactly 365.2425 days per year. To synchronize the spacer calendar with the Earth's calendar, we would adjust the length of a spacer day so that 144,000 spacer days equal exactly 400 Earth years. This adjustment would make 360 spacer days equal exactly one Earth year, resulting in a spacer day being 1.0145625 Earth days long. Consequently, this requires increasing the length of a second by 14.5625 milliseconds, leading to the daily drift mentioned above.
    • One could assume, regarding human biology, a change that occurs each year would be less impactful than one that occurs each day.
    • Regardless of implementation technique, either annual or daily synchronization would still require some intercalation adjustments as both Earths rotation and orbit vary somewhat over time.
      • The length of the tropical year (measured in Terrestrial Time) is decreasing at a rate of approximately 0.53 seconds per century.
      • The mean solar day is getting longer at a rate of about 1.4–1.7 milliseconds per century.
  • Synchronizing an Earth year with Earth days requires leap days to say nothing of synchronizing one calendar with multiple additional planets, each having different day and year lengths.
  • At some point there may be more humans traveling through, or located within, space than there are on any one specific planet.
  • Someday all humans may leave planet Earth, this solar system, or even this galaxy entirely.
  • On Earth, annual calendar synchronization ensures seasonal changes happen on the same dates each year. In space, Earth seasons aren't present. Other planets will have different times for their seasons.
  • At any given time, it's likely that the people in only 1/24th of the area on earth have their time synchronized with each other.
  • Once a spacer travels as nearby as a neighboring planet or moon to earth, with current technology the time delay in communication will far outweigh any synchronization differences caused by eliminating leap seconds.
• Conclusion
  • Decouple from earther calendar systems, set the length of a spacer day to 86,400 SI seconds, set the length of a spacer year to 360 spacer days, don't implement any leap days or leap seconds.
    • Let this shorter, 360-day, year drift out of synchronization with the Earth year.
      • Amount of change each year, approximately 5-6 days per year, contingent on whether it's a leap year or not. No modification to the Gregorian calendar is anticipated until possibly the year 4000.
    • Let the spacer day drift out of synchronization with the earther day.
      • Amount of change each day, less than approximately 1 second per year, contingent on whether a leap second is added that year or not. Because the Earths rotation speed varies in response to climatic and geological events, leap seconds are irregularly spaced and unpredictable. Insertion of each leap second is usually decided about six months in advance.
• Final thoughts
• What date would be the starting point? Year 1, Month 1, day 1?
• I propose the earther date April 12, 1961 because that is the date Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin became the first human to journey into outer space. (If you wanted to get really specific you could start the clock the moment he launched, 9:07 a.m. Moscow time, 6:07 a.m. UTC.)
• It might be fun to call it the Gagarian calendar, commonly refered to as the spacer calendar (spacer vs. earther), or maybe space time (kind of like island time).
• Zero based - Just as the hours, minutes, seconds, all start at 0 and go to 59:59, it might be smart to start the calendar month at day 0 and go to day 59, the days of the week being 0-5, months of the year being 0-5 for one year and 0-59 for the full decade, etc.
• It's necessary to replace arabic numerals with a base-60 numeral representation. Maybe geometric patterns that allow for fast subitizing of each number.


• Details:

more common	Spacer (Gagarian)	Earther (Gregorian)
centuries per millennia	10	10	same
decades per millennia	60	100
decades per century	6	10
years per millennia	600	1,000
years per century	60	100
years per decade	10	10	same
months per decade	60	120
months per year	6	12
weeks per year	60	52.1775
weeks per month	10	4.348125
days per decade	3,600	3,652.425	defined as 146,097 days per 400 years
days per year	360	365.2425	defined as 146,097 days per 400 years
workdays per year	240	260.8875
weekend days per year	120	104.355
days per month	60	30.436875
days per week	6	7
days per work week	4	5
hours per work week	80	40
hours per day	60	24
hours per workday	20	8
minutes per day	3,600	1,440
minutes per hour	60	60	same
seconds per day	216,000	86,400
seconds per hour	3,600	3,600	same
seconds per minute	60	60	same




less common	Spacer (Gagarian)	Earther (Gregorian)
hours per millennia	12,960,000	8,765,820
hours per century	1,296,000	876,582
hours per decade	216,000	87,658.2
hours per year	21,600	8,765.82
hours per month	3,600	730.485
hours per week	360	168
minutes per millennia	777,600,000	525,949,200
minutes per century	77,760,000	52,594,920
minutes per decade	12,960,000	5,259,492
minutes per year	1,296,000	525,949.2
minutes per month	216,000	43,829.1
minutes per week	21,600	10,080
seconds per millennia	46,656,000,000	31,556,952,000
seconds per century	4,665,600,000	3,155,695,200
seconds per decade	777,600,000	315,569,520
seconds per year	77,760,000	31,556,952
seconds per month	12,960,000	2,629,746
seconds per week	1,296,000	604,800




Comparison:

Units	Days
spacer - (60^-30)	4.523374E-54
earther - 10^-018 quectoseconds	1.157407E-53
earther - 10^-017 quectoseconds	1.157407E-52
spacer - (60^-29)	2.714024E-52
earther - 10^-016 quectoseconds	1.157407E-51
earther - 10^-015 quectoseconds	1.157407E-50
spacer - (60^-28)	1.628415E-50
earther - 10^-014 quectoseconds	1.157407E-49
Planck time	6.238426E-49
spacer - (60^-27)	9.770488E-49
earther - 10^-013 quectoseconds	1.157407E-48
earther - 10^-012 quectoseconds	1.157407E-47
spacer - (60^-26)	5.862293E-47
earther - 10^-011 quectoseconds	1.157407E-46
earther - 10^-010 quectoseconds	1.157407E-45
spacer - (60^-25)	3.517376E-45
earther - 10^-09 quectoseconds	1.157407E-44
earther - 10^-08 quectoseconds	1.157407E-43
spacer - (60^-24)	2.110425E-43
earther - 10^-07 quectoseconds	1.157407E-42
earther - 10^-06 quectoseconds	1.157407E-41
spacer - (60^-23)	1.266255E-41
earther - 10^-05 quectoseconds	1.157407E-40
spacer - (60^-22)	7.597531E-40
earther - 10^-04 quectoseconds	1.157407E-39
earther - 10^-03 quectoseconds	1.157407E-38
spacer - (60^-21)	4.558519E-38
earther - 10^-02 quectoseconds	1.157407E-37
spacer - (60^-20)	2.735111E-36
earther - 10^-01 quectoseconds	1.157407E-36
earther - 01 quectosecond (1.157407407*10^-35)	1.157407E-35
spacer - (60^-19)	1.641067E-34
spacer - (60^-18)	9.846400E-33
earther - rontosecond (1.157407407*10^-32)	1.157407E-32
spacer - (60^-17)	5.907840E-31
earther - yoctosecond (1.157407407*10^-29)	1.157407E-29
spacer - (60^-16)	3.544704E-29
spacer - (60^-15)	2.126822E-27
earther - zeptosecond (1.157407407*10^-26)	1.157407E-26
spacer - (60^-14)	1.276093E-25
spacer - (60^-13)	7.656561E-24
earther - attosecond (1.157407407*10^-23)	1.157407E-23
spacer - (60^-12)	4.593937E-22
earther - femtosecond (1.157407407*10^-20)	1.157407E-20
spacer - (60^-11)	2.756362E-20
spacer - (60^-10)	1.653817E-18
earther - picosecond (1.157407407*10^-17)	1.157407E-17
spacer - (60^-9)	9.922903E-17

Units	Days
spacer - (60^-8)	5.953742E-15
earther - nanosecond (1.157407407*10^-14)	1.157407E-14
spacer - (60^-7)	3.572245E-13
earther - microsecond (1.157407407*10^-11)	1.157407E-11
spacer - (60^-6)	2.143347E-11
spacer - (60^-5)	1.286008E-09
earther - millisecond (1.157407407*10^-8)	1.157407E-08
spacer - (60^-4)	7.716049E-08
earther - centisecond (1.157407407*10^-7)	1.157407E-07
earther - decisecond (1.157407407*10^-6)	1.157407E-06
spacer - second (60^-3)	0.0000046
earther - second (1.157407407*10^-5)	0.0000116
earther - decasecond (1.157407407*10^-4)	0.0001157
spacer - minute (60^-2)	0.0002778
earther - minute	0.0006944
earther - hectosecond (1.157407407*10^-3)	0.0011574
earther - kilosecond (1.157407407*10^-2)	0.0115741
spacer - hour (60^-1)	0.0166667
earther - hour	0.0416667
earther - day spacer - day (60^0)	1
spacer - week (60^0.43761814425)	6
earther - week	7
earther - megasecond (1.157407407*10^1)	11.5740741
earther - month	30.4369
spacer - month (60^1)	60
spacer - year (60^1.43761814425)	360
earther - year	365.2425
spacer - decade (60^2)	3,600
earther - decade	3,652.425
earther - gigasecond (1.157407407*10^4)	11,574.07
spacer - century (60^2.43761814425)	21,600
earther - century	36,524.25
spacer - millennium (60^3)	216,000
earther - millennium	365,242.5
earther - terasecond (1.157407407*10^7)	1.157407E+07
spacer - (60^4)	1.296000E+07

Units	Days
earther - mega-annum (3.652425*10^8)	3.652425E+08
spacer - (60^5)	7.776000E+08
earther - petasecond (1.157407407*10^10)	1.157407E+10
spacer - (60^6)	4.665600E+10
earther - giga-annum (3.652425*10^11)	3.652425E+11
spacer - (60^7)	2.799360E+12
age of the universe	5.040347E+12
earther - exasecond (1.157407407*10^13)	1.157407E+13
spacer - (60^8)	1.679616E+14
earther - tera-annum (3.652425*10^14)	3.652425E+14
spacer - (60^9)	1.007770E+16
earther - zettasecond (1.157407407*10^16)	1.157407E+16
earther - Peta-annum (3.652425*10^17)	3.652425E+17
spacer - (60^10)	6.046618E+17
earther - yottasecond (1.157407407*10^19)	1.157407E+19
spacer - (60^11)	3.627971E+19
earther - Exa-annum (3.652425*10^20)	3.652425E+20
spacer - (60^12)	2.176782E+21
earther - ronnasecond (1.157407407*10^22)	1.157407E+22
spacer - (60^13)	1.306069E+23
earther - Zetta-annum (3.652425*10^23)	3.652425E+23
spacer - (60^14)	7.836416E+24
earther - 1 quettasecond (1.157407407*10^25)	1.157407E+25
earther - 10 quettaseconds	1.157407E+26
earther - Yotta-annum (3.652425*10^26)	3.652425E+26
spacer - (60^15)	4.701850E+26
earther - 10^02 quettaseconds	1.157407E+27
earther - 10^03 quettaseconds	1.157407E+28
spacer - (60^16)	2.821110E+28
earther - 10^04 quettaseconds	1.157407E+29
earther - 10^05 quettaseconds	1.157407E+30
spacer - (60^17)	1.692666E+30
earther - 10^06 quettaseconds	1.157407E+31
spacer - (60^18)	1.015600E+32
earther - 10^07 quettaseconds	1.157407E+32
earther - 10^08 quettaseconds	1.157407E+33
spacer - (60^19)	6.093597E+33
earther - 10^09 quettaseconds	1.157407E+34
earther - 10^10 quettaseconds	1.157407E+35
spacer - (60^20)	3.656158E+35
earther - 10^11 quettaseconds	1.157407E+36
earther - 10^12 quettaseconds	1.157407E+37
spacer - (60^21)	2.193695E+37
earther - 10^13 quettaseconds	1.157407E+38
earther - 10^14 quettaseconds	1.157407E+39
spacer - (60^22)	1.316217E+39
earther - 10^15 quettaseconds	1.157407E+40
spacer - (60^23)	7.897302E+40
earther - 10^16 quettaseconds	1.157407E+41
earther - 10^17 quettaseconds	1.157407E+42
spacer - (60^24)	4.738381E+42
earther - 10^18 quettaseconds	1.157407E+43
earther - 10^19 quettaseconds	1.157407E+44
spacer - (60^25)	2.843029E+44
earther - 10^20 quettaseconds	1.157407E+45
earther - 10^21 quettaseconds	1.157407E+46
spacer - (60^26)	1.705817E+46
earther - 10^22 quettaseconds	1.157407E+47
spacer - (60^27)	1.023490E+48
earther - 10^23 quettaseconds	1.157407E+48
earther - 10^24 quettaseconds	1.157407E+49
spacer - (60^28)	6.140942E+49
earther - 10^25 quettaseconds	1.157407E+50
earther - 10^26 quettaseconds	1.157407E+51
spacer - (60^29)	3.684565E+51
earther - 10^27 quettaseconds	1.157407E+52
earther - 10^28 quettaseconds	1.157407E+53
spacer - (60^30)	2.210739E+53

Related subjects:
Astronomical cycle
Arabic numerals
Astronomical time keeping, theory of
Calendar system
Barycentric coordinate time
Barycentric dynamical time
Calendar system
Calendar year
Coordinate time
Coordinate time scales
Coordinated mars time
Coordinated universal time
Cosmic Train schedule
Ephemeris time
Galactic time
Geocentric coordinate time
Intercalation
International atomic time
Interplanetary time
Leap second
Leap year
Mean solar time
Metric (SI) prefixes
Metric time
Noon
Orbital period as unit of time
Orders of magnitude (time)
Perennial calendar
Proper time
Sidereal time
Slowing rotation of the Earth
Solar days
Solar time
Solar year
Solar system time
Space calendar
Space-faring civilization
Space time
Spacer calendar
Spacer time
Stellar day
Subitizing
Superior highly composite numbers
Tidal acceleration
Tidal friction
Time dilation
Timekeeping on Mars
Time standard
Terrestrial time
Tropical year
Universal time
Zero based numbering